ABÛ AL-'IZ IBN ISMÂ'ÎL IBN AL-RAZÂZ AL-JAZARÎ was born in 1136. He was the sparkling star of Islamic Golden Age and become famous for his book “Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya” (Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices) in 1206- a detailed account of fifty mechanical devices along with instructions on how to construct them.
The valve-operated reciprocating suction piston-pump with crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism from a manuscript of al-Jazari, the "father of modern day engineering.
In 1206, al-Jazari demonstrates the first conversion of rotary to reciprocating motion, the first suction pipes and suction piston pump, the first use of double-action, and one of the earliest valve operations, when he invented a twin-cylinder double-action reciprocating suction piston pump, which seems to have had a direct significance in the development of modern engineering.
This pump is driven by a water wheel, which drives, through a system of gears, an oscillating slot-rod to which the rods of two pistons are attached. The pistons work in horizontally opposed cylinders, each provided with valve-operated suction and delivery pipes. The delivery pipes are joined above the centre of the machine to form a single outlet into the irrigation system. This pump is remarkable for the earliest known use of a true suction pipe in a pump, the first application of the double-acting principle and the first conversion of rotary to reciprocating motion.
For these reasons, this invention is considered important to the development of the steam engine, modern reciprocating pumps, internal combustion engine, artificial heart, bicycle, bicycle pump, etc.Today pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. Pumps fall into five major groups: direct lift, displacement, velocity, buoyancy and gravity pumps. Their names describe the method for moving a fluid.
Reciprocating pumps are those which cause the fluid to move using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes (diaphragms).
Reciprocating-type pumps require a system of suction and discharge valves to ensure that the fluid moves in a positive direction. Pumps in this category range from having "simplex" one cylinder, to in some cases "quad" four cylinders or more. Most reciprocating-type pumps are "duplex" (two) or "triplex" (three) cylinder. Furthermore, they can be either "single acting" independent suction and discharge strokes or "double acting" suction and discharge in both directions. The pumps can be powered by air, steam or through a belt drive from an engine or motor. This type of pump was used extensively in the early days of steam propulsion (19th century) as boiler feed water pumps. Reciprocating pumps are now typically used for pumping highly viscous fluids including concrete and heavy oils, and special applications demanding low flow rates against high resistance.
Abû al-'Iz Ibn Ismâ'îl ibn al-Razâz al-Jazarî was die in 1206.
http://www.technologytimes.pk/mag/2010/dec10/issue04/golden_era.php
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